Trends and risk evolution of drought disasters in Tibet Region,China     

Chen  Qiong  Liu  Fenggui  Chen  Ruijie  Zhao  Zhilong  Zhang  Yili  Cui  Peng  Zheng  Du 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(11):1859-1875

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The risk posed by natural disasters can be largely reflected by hazard and vulnerability. The analysis of long-term hazard series can reveal the mechanisms by...  相似文献   

柴北缘西大滩地区下—中侏罗统层序—古地理及聚煤特征     

黄献好  孙玉琦  王伟超  刘炳强  张少林  张语涛  邵龙义 《沉积学报》2020,38(2):266-283

柴达木盆地北缘西大滩地区是近年来新发现的煤炭资源有利勘探区，含煤岩系以早侏罗世小煤沟组和中侏罗世早期的大煤沟组及石门沟组为代表。根据露头剖面、钻孔岩芯及测井曲线对该含煤岩系的沉积相、层序地层格架、聚煤模式及岩相古地理进行研究，并对该区聚煤规律进行了分析。研究结果表明:区内含煤岩系由砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、油页岩及煤组成，可识别出16种岩相类型以及冲积扇、辫状河三角洲与湖泊等3种沉积相类型。以区域不整合面、沉积相转换面、下切谷砂体底部冲刷面、岩性及颜色突变面等为层序界面，共识别出6个层序界面，划分出5个三级层序和相应的低位、湖侵及高位体系域。恢复出各个层序的岩相古地理，主要古地理单元为冲积扇、辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖及半深湖。研究区厚煤层主要发育于湖侵体系域上部靠近最大湖泛面处的下三角洲平原环境，这里作为低可容空间背景，较高的可容空间增加速率与较高的泥炭聚集速率相平衡，有利于泥炭/煤的聚集。煤层主要在层序SIII1、层序SIII2及层序SIII3中发育，由于古气候逐渐变得干燥，层序SIII4和SIII5聚煤作用变弱直至终止。  相似文献   

青海德令哈蓄集银铅矿床地质与S-Pb同位素组成及其成矿学意义     

陈敏  薛春纪  赵文涛  薛万文  谷强 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(4):454-468

蓄集矿床是宗务隆构造带内发现的重要银铅矿床。蓄集银铅矿床赋存于石炭-二叠系宗务隆群果可山组灰岩夹千枚岩地层中,矿体呈脉状、透镜状、似层状,明显受近东西走向的断裂构造控制,矿体围岩蚀变主要为硅化和绢云母化,矿石矿物主要为方铅矿和银黝铜矿,脉石矿物主要为石英,矿石具有斑杂状和网脉状构造。对该矿床开展了S-Pb同位素组成分析。硫同位素分析结果表明矿石中硫化物矿物δ~(34)S值变化于5.0‰～8.4‰之间,显示硫主要为岩浆来源,有少量地层的贡献;铅同位素分析结果表明,矿石~(206)Pb/~(204) Pb=17.896～17.922,~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb=15.589～15.617,~(208) Pb/~(204) Pb=38.072～38.166,与围岩铅同位素组成(~(206) Pb/~(204) Pb=17.94～18.976,~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb=15.600～15.696,~(208) Pb/~(204) Pb=38.106～40.943)较为相似,而与蓄集峡口闪长岩铅同位素组成(~(206) Pb/~(204) Pb=18.144～18.589,~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb=15.623～15.636,~(208)Pb/~(204) Pb=38.790～39.033)相差较大,反映成矿物质主要来自围岩地层宗务隆群果可山组。综合分析认为,蓄集银铅矿床与宗务隆构造带晚二叠世岩浆活动关系密切,应属岩浆热液为主的热液充填-交代成因类型。  相似文献   

The Existence and Significance of Two Kinds of Effective Reservoirs in Deep Water Area of the Western Qaidam Basin     

SHI Yajun  XU Li  HUANG Chenggang  WANG Liqun  MA Xinming 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(5):1726-1727

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Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

SHI Dong  LI Li-juan  LI Jin-feng  JI Lian-min  SONG Fu-gen  PENG Xiao-wu  ZHANG Li-cheng  ZHANG Yu-ze  LI Hui-fang  SONG Xue-xue  NIE Feng  ZENG Zhong-min  LIU Zhi-qi  GUO Fan 《盐湖研究》2019,27(2):95-110

In this work,problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate( TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The behavior of N,N-bi-( 2-ethylhexyl) acetamide( N523) during lithium extraction was investigated,and its disadvantages were analyzed in the view of practical application. An N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used separately. The optimal composition of this mixture extraction system was determined to be 20% N523-30% TBP-50% kerosene.The effects of brine acidity,Fe/Li molarity ratio,phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed. The operation conditions in single-stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity = 0. 05 mol/L,Fe/Li molarity ratio = 1. 3,and phase ratio = 2. The high concentration of chloride ions in brine was beneficial for the extraction of lithium. The structure of the extracted complex was proposed as( LiFeCl_4·n N523·m TBP)·( 2-n) N523·( 2-m) TBP( m + n = 2) by chemical analysis and slope-fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily,and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic( ΔH 0) and spontaneous( ΔG 0) reaction,and the degree of disorder increased( ΔS 0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both the fundamental theory and practical application.  相似文献   

张掖盆地地下水硝酸盐污染与人体健康风险评价     

盛丹睿  温小虎  冯起  武君  司建华  吴敏 《中国沙漠》2019,39(5):37-44

地下水是张掖盆地的重要水资源，其硝酸盐污染尚未得到足够重视。对张掖盆地2004、2015年地下水硝酸盐浓度进行了系统分析，并采用美国环境保护署（USEPA）推荐的健康风险评价模型评估了地下水硝酸盐的健康风险。结果表明：自2004年以来张掖盆地地下水硝酸盐污染日趋严重。2015年硝酸盐浓度最高已达到283.32 mg·L^-1，17.61%的采样点硝酸盐氮浓度超过GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》中饮用地下水限量值（20 mg·L^-1）。研究区人群经皮肤接触途径摄入硝酸盐的健康风险在可接受水平，而饮水摄入硝酸盐的健康风险较高，总风险中饮水途径引起健康风险的贡献率占99.40%，远大于皮肤接触途径。儿童经饮水摄入和皮肤接触两种途径的健康风险均显著高于成人，分别为成人的1.544倍和1.039倍。32.39%的采样点地下水硝酸盐对儿童的健康风险超出了可接受水平，14.79%的采样点地下水硝酸盐对成人的健康风险不可接受。甘州区城区、临泽县北部边缘及高台县城区周围硝酸盐浓度最高，这些区域内所有人群都面临硝酸盐引发的高健康风险，其余区域硝酸盐引发的健康风险相对较低。  相似文献   

Soil physicochemical properties and vegetation structure along an elevation gradient and implications for the response of alpine plant development to climate change on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains     

Yong-sheng Yang  Li Zhang  Hong-qin Li  Hui-dan He  Ya-xi Wei  Jin Luo  Guang-ru Zhang  Yu-ru Huang  Ying-nian Li  Hua-kun Zhou 《山地科学学报》2018,15(5):1006-1019

Elevation is one of key factors to affect changes in the environment, particularly changes in conditions of light, water and heat. Studying the soil physicochemical properties and vegetation structure along an elevation gradient is important for understanding the responses of alpine plants andtheir growing environment to climate change. In this study, we studied plant coverage, plant height, species richness, soil water-holding capacity, soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(N) on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains at elevations from2124 to 3665 m. The following conclusions were drawn:(1) With the increase of elevation, plant coverage and species richness first increased and then decreased, with the maximum values being at 3177 m.Plant height was significantly and negatively correlated with elevation(r=–0.97, P0.01), and the ratio of decrease with elevation was 0.82 cm·100 m-1.(2) Both soil water-holding capacity and soil porosity increased on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains with the increase of elevation. The soil saturated water content at the 0-40 cm depth first increased and then stabilized with a further increase of elevation, and the average ratio of increase was2.44 mm·100 m-1. With the increase of elevation, the average bulk density at the 0-40 cm depth first decreased and then stabilized at 0.89 g/cm3.(3) With the increase of elevation, the average SOC content at the 0-40 cm depths first increased and then decreased,and the average total N content at the 0-40 cm depth first increased and then stabilized. The correlation between average SOC content and average total N content reached significant level. According to the results of this study, the distribution of plants showed a mono-peak curve with increasing elevation on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains. The limiting factor for plant growth at the high elevation areas was not soil physicochemical properties, and therefore,global warming will likely facilitate the development of plant at high elevation areas in the Qilian Mountains.  相似文献   

察尔汗盐湖西北部典型采区地下卤水赋存状态的地面核磁探测与数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

张光武  易磊  高泽永  韩凤清  陈富洪  马喆  卢晓航  刘小宝  韩光  袁文虎  刘溪溪 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1)

察尔汗盐湖地下晶间卤水蕴藏了宝贵的盐湖矿产资源,如何确定地下卤水的赋存规律以制定科学合理的卤水开采和补给方案,正成为盐湖资源大规模可持续利用亟需解决的重要问题。本文以察尔汗盐湖西北部的典型采卤区作为研究区域,1)利用新型的地面核磁共振找水仪,通过在研究区布设两条十字交叉的测线,探测并反演解译测区地下60米深度内的卤水静态赋存形式,2)结合OpenGeoSys(OGS)多物理场耦合地下水数值模拟软件,对测区地下卤水的动态运移形式进行数值模拟计算。地面核磁探测结果表明研究区含水量整体偏低,最大含水量约0.8%,平均含水量约0.4%。测点结果给出的含水层位分界面与邻近钻孔的地层层位分界面的一致性较高,浅部的层位误差在10%以下,达到了0.5米的精度。考虑到测区南北两边均有采卤渠正在汲取地下卤水,且在测区中心存在两条废弃的采卤渠,OGS地下水数值模拟研究结果表明采卤渠造成测区浅部卤水较大空缺,与研究区浅部含水量总体偏低的探测特征一致。研究结果表明地面核磁共振技术能准确探测卤水当前的赋存状态,地下水运移模拟技术可以深入认识采补活动引起卤水赋存状态的变化规律。探测和模拟结合的联合研究是确定卤水赋存规律的重要手段,研究成果可为盐湖资源合理开采高效利用提供基础资料和相关科学支撑。  相似文献   

全球盐湖卤水锂矿床的分布特征及其控制因素          下载免费PDF全文

高春亮  余俊清  闵秀云  成艾颖  张丽莎 《盐湖研究》2020,28(4):48-55

盐湖卤水锂资源占全球锂矿总储量的78%,是全球最重要的一种锂矿床类型。研究并总结了全球盐湖卤水型锂矿床的分布特征、物质来源以及成矿规律,并提出了盐湖卤水型锂矿床成矿模型。研究发现,卤水型锂矿床的形成均受控于新构造运动、封闭-半封闭的低洼汇水盆地以及极端干旱的气候条件等因素,所有卤水型锂矿床均与新生代地质水热活动有密切关联,成矿物质特别是锂元素主要来源于火山喷发岩,经热泉水、温泉水以及大气降水等的水-岩作用后迁移富集。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地尕斯库勒湖区盐生植物改良土壤盐渍化效应及其贡献评价          下载免费PDF全文

余冬梅  祁兆鑫  胡夏嵩  刘亚斌  王建萍  李姜瑶 《盐湖研究》2020,28(4):91-101

在柴达木盆地尕斯库勒盐湖区,通过对芦苇、赖草、海韭菜、无脉苔草、洽草、盐地风毛菊、羊齿天门冬、小花棘豆和白刺9种盐生植物生长区土壤容重、含水量、全盐量、pH值、全氮、速效钾、速效磷进行测试分析,研究其对盐渍化土壤的改良效果。试验结果表明:9种盐生植物均可降低土壤容重、全盐量和pH值,提高土壤含水量,其平均全盐量较裸地降低了3.79%~85.40%,平均降低幅度为44.99%,小花棘豆降低土壤容重相对较为显著(17.39%),无脉苔草相对较差(1.37%)；盐地风毛菊降低土壤pH值的能力相对较强(5.11%),羊齿天门冬相对较弱；赖草提高土壤含水量相对较为显著(26.05%),白刺相对较差(1.85%)。9种盐生植物可不同程度增加土壤全氮含量,且随取样深度增加全氮含量呈逐渐降低的变化趋势；9种盐生植物坡面地表以下垂直方向0~20 cm土体速效磷含量表现出增加趋势,其中在地表以下20~50 cm位置速效磷含量增加相对较为显著,土体速效磷含量增加的程度由大至小依次为:小花棘豆、赖草、无脉苔草、海韭菜、白刺、羊齿天门冬、芦苇、洽草和盐地风毛菊。研究结果对于利用盐生植物防治土壤盐渍化,以及进一步提高土壤可持续利用有实际价值。  相似文献